Case Studies

Our teaching cases allow you to learn about how PDIA works in practice.

Recycling products in a bin

Finding Entry Points and Sequencing Adaptive Work

Matt Andrews

March 2024

The mayor of Blueville implemented a new recycling policy initiative after being elected, however, the amount of plastic waste on city streets remained, partly because few constituents collected and delivered recyclables. This case details the teams’ response to this issue and their process in identifying entry points and sequencing the work.

Flattened plastic bottles

Tackling Problems in Adaptive Policy Work

Matt Andrews

2024

The mayor of Blueville implemented a new recycling policy initiative after being elected, however, the amount of plastic waste on city streets remained, partly because few constituents collected and delivered recyclables. This case walks through the iterative steps taken in problem deconstruction to identify root causes.

A teacher with students in Indonesia

Tackling the Learning Crisis in Indonesia

Daniel Barjum

September 2022

Indonesia is facing a learning crisis. While schooling has increased dramatically in the last 30 years, the quality of education has remained mediocre. A team of researchers affiliated with the RISE Programme at SMERU, an Indonesia think tank, adapted the Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) approach and deployed it in four district governments.

Students in Brazil at school

Education Reform in Sobral, Brazil

Tim McNaught

March 2022

For more than two decades, the Brazilian municipality of Sobral has focused intensively on improving the quality of its public education system; the resulting success has been remarkable. This paper explores the transformation of Sobral’s education system through the lens of PDIA, with an emphasis on the reform period from 2000-2004.

Kids laughing

Improving Educational Outcomes in South Africa

Salimah Samji and Mansi Kapoor

January 2022

Funda Wande is a non-profit organization with the goal of ensuring all students in South Africa can read for meaning and calculate with confidence in their home language by the age of 10. They develop curricula, videos, and print materials to train teachers in the fundamentals of foundational learning and have adopted a “learning by doing” strategy that is similar to the Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) approach.

Doctor holding cell phone

Increasing the Use of Digital Health in Croatia

Daniel Barjum and Matt Andrews

June 2021

The government of Croatia has been committed to adopting digital policy solutions for years. The health sector was a focal point of this commitment. As is the case in many countries, Croatia’s health system is quite bureaucratic and generates lots of data—about patients and their care—in bureaucratic silos. The scattered nature of this data has negatively affected both health care quality and cost.

Plastic bottles

An Adaptive Recycling Policy in Blueville

Matt Andrews

2020

The mayor of Blueville was elected on the basis of a strong environmental message. She promised, especially, to promote recycling in the city, reducing the amount of plastic goods on city streets. A year after implementing a new recycling policy initiative, however, the amount of plastic waste on city streets remained, partly because few constituents collected and delivered recyclables. This case examines the iterative process the mayor’s team employed to forge a path forward.

Aerial shot of Mozambique

Contributing to a Problem Driven Project in Mozambique

Matt Andrews

June 2018

This case details our experience working with a broad group of officials across Mozambique’s public financial management (PFM) sector, and donors (particularly the World Bank) between March 2010 and December 2013.

Mozambican metical

PDIA to Inform Budget Reform in Mozambique

Matt Andrews

May 2018

Mozambique’s Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) had come to the end of a ten year public financial management (PFM) reform initiative. While widely hailed as a success, some observers were concerned about compliance gaps and weaknesses in the system. Between September and December 2009, we worked with officials in Mozambique’s public financial management sector to explore whether a conversation about problems could spark new ways of doing reforms.

Banana tree in the tropics

The Evolution of Export Sophistication in Costa Rica

Kristin Himelein and Matt Andrews

2012

In the 1980s, Costa Rica was a banana exporting nation that had tried to pursue other industries with little success. Following the arrival of the microprocessor giant Intel in 1997, Costa Rica saw significant growth, with real GDP per capita expanding over 20 percent from 1997 to 2004.

Textile factory in Africa

Economic Discovery in a Small Firm | Part 1

Matt Andrews

2009

This case study examines the challenges faced by Justin Mansfield, a partner in Powerhouse Clothing, one of Durban’s more successful clothing producer. In 2003, the nation’s largest clothes retailer threatened to terminate its contract with Powerhouse Clothing due to more desirable supplier options overseas. Faced with this problem, Justin solicited the advice of a local consultant, Justin Barnes.

Industrial factory in Africa

Economic Discovery in a Small Firm | Part 2

Matt Andrews

2009

Justin Barnes engaged with many companies working across Durban’s clothing sector and determined the sector could in fact be an efficient, world class competitor — and not a sector in decline. The challenge was to bring all the different capabilities together within supply chains, across the city, and between concerned actors in the public and private sector.